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Volume 8, Issue 2 (7-2026)
Int. J. Ethics Soc 2026, 8(2): 15-24 |
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Nawam Al-Hilfi M Q, Vaezi S M, Javaheri Tehrani M, Mardani N. The Moral Significance of the Right to Employment in Human Rights and the Protection of the Right to Employment and Decent Work for Persons with Disabilities (A Comparative Study of Iraqi and Iranian Legislation). Int. J. Ethics Soc 2026; 8 (2) :15-24
URL: http://ijethics.com/article-1-416-en.html
URL: http://ijethics.com/article-1-416-en.html
Mohammad Qasim Nawam Al-Hilfi1 
, Seyyed Mojtaba Vaezi *2 , Mohammad Javaheri Tehrani3 , Nader Mardani3
, Seyyed Mojtaba Vaezi *2 , Mohammad Javaheri Tehrani3 , Nader Mardani3
1- Ph.D. Student, Department of Public Law, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
2- Department of Public and International Law, Faculty of Law and Political Science, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran ,mojtaba_vaezi@yahoo.com
3- Department of Public and International Law, Faculty of Law and Political Science, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
2- Department of Public and International Law, Faculty of Law and Political Science, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran ,
3- Department of Public and International Law, Faculty of Law and Political Science, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
Abstract: (107 Views)
Introduction: The Universal Declaration of Human Rights, a pivotal document in the history of global ethics and the evolution of human rights, enumerates the fundamental rights of all human beings. Several of its articles directly address labor rights, among which is the right to employment and decent work, also reflected as the seventeenth provision of Iran’s Charter of Citizens’ Rights. This study examines the comparative legal, executive, and supportive frameworks of Iran and Iraq regarding the right to employment and decent work for persons with disabilities.
Material and Methods: This research is a descriptive review study. By consulting published sources related to the study’s keywords, the concept of the worker and employee with disabilities in Iranian and Iraqi law is first defined, and their legal and social classification is analyzed. Subsequently, international foundations of the right to work are examined as core normative bases.
Conclusion: Comparative findings indicate that although both Iran and Iraq recognize the right to work for all, including persons with disabilities, in their constitutions, significant shortcomings exist in practical implementation. Iraq’s 2013 Law on the Care of Persons with Disabilities and Iran’s 2004 Law on the Protection of the Rights of Persons with Disabilities provide quota systems for employing persons with disabilities as well as financial and educational facilities. Nevertheless, challenges such as weak oversight, lack of financial incentives for employers, insufficient physical and educational infrastructures, and limited public awareness hinder the effective realization of these rights. The study emphasizes that the employment of persons with disabilities is not only an economic issue, but also an ethical, human, and social matter whose realization requires reform of legal, cultural, and institutional structures in accordance with human rights ethics.
Material and Methods: This research is a descriptive review study. By consulting published sources related to the study’s keywords, the concept of the worker and employee with disabilities in Iranian and Iraqi law is first defined, and their legal and social classification is analyzed. Subsequently, international foundations of the right to work are examined as core normative bases.
Conclusion: Comparative findings indicate that although both Iran and Iraq recognize the right to work for all, including persons with disabilities, in their constitutions, significant shortcomings exist in practical implementation. Iraq’s 2013 Law on the Care of Persons with Disabilities and Iran’s 2004 Law on the Protection of the Rights of Persons with Disabilities provide quota systems for employing persons with disabilities as well as financial and educational facilities. Nevertheless, challenges such as weak oversight, lack of financial incentives for employers, insufficient physical and educational infrastructures, and limited public awareness hinder the effective realization of these rights. The study emphasizes that the employment of persons with disabilities is not only an economic issue, but also an ethical, human, and social matter whose realization requires reform of legal, cultural, and institutional structures in accordance with human rights ethics.
Type of Study: Review Article |
Subject:
Special
Received: 2025/11/25 | Accepted: 2025/12/23 | Published: 2026/07/18
Received: 2025/11/25 | Accepted: 2025/12/23 | Published: 2026/07/18
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© 2026 CC BY 4.0 | International Journal of Ethics and Society
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
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